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Introduction The TCP/IP protocol suite, also referred to as the Internet protocol suite, is the set of communications protocols that implements the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. It is named after the two most important protocols in the suite: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). The TCP/IP protocol suite was developed before the OSI model. As such, it does not directly map to the 7-layer OSI model.
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The TCP/IP protocol stack has only layers that can be loosely mapped to the OSI protocol stack, as shown Upper layers protocols are logically closer to the user and deal with more abstract data, relying on lower layer protocols. Lower layer protocols to translate data into forms that are transmitted physically over the network. 
Application Layer The application layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the application layer of the OSI reference model. Some well-known examples of application level entities within the TCP/IP domain are: • FTP/Telnet/SSH • HTTP/Secure HTTP (SHTTP) • POP3/SMTP • SNMP Transport Layer The transport layer of the TCP/IP model maps fairly closely to the transport layer of the OSI model. Two commonly used transport layer entities are TCP and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Layer The Internet layer of the TCP/IP model maps to the network layer of the OSI model.
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Microsoft word free download for mac. Consequently, the Internet layer is sometimes referred to as the network layer. The primary component of the Internet layer is the Internet Protocol (IP).Many of the TCP/IP routing protocols are also classified as part of the Internet layer. Network Access Layer The lowest layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack is the network access layer. The network access layer contains two sublayers, the media access control (MAC) sublayer and the physical sublayer. The MAC sublayer aligns closely with the data link layer of the OSI model, and is sometimes referred to by that name.